作者：Zhao, Y., Yu, Y., Gai, Y., Xiao, X., Fu, Y., Nie, Z., Feng, M., Wang, R., Li, C., Gan, Y. & Liu, Y.

Understanding the compositional features of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems is paramount for evaluating the sources of environmental pollution. Nonetheless, the correlation between microplastic diversity characteristics and pollution sources remains inadequately elucidated. This investigation establishes a comprehensive diversity index for microplastics to assess its effectiveness as an indicator of pollution sources surrounding lakes, with plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China, as the focal study sites. The comprehensive diversity index was computed utilizing both geometric and arithmetic means of three frequently applied alpha-diversity indices-the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Margalef index. Key findings include: (1) the geometric mean-based comprehensive diversity index amplifies the effects of dominant traits in microplastic compositional distribution; (2) employing the radius of a circle as an approximation of lake area for statistical analysis reveals a nonlinear correlation between the number of pollution sources and the comprehensive diversity index; and (3) the Simpson alpha-diversity index outperforms other indices as a reflective measure of microplastic diversity, with the geometric mean-based comprehensive diversity index derived from the Simpson index displaying robust applicability. This study facilitates the tracking of microplastic pollution sources surrounding lakes and enhances understanding of the implications of microplastic diversity.

理解淡水生态系统中微塑料的组成特征，对于评估环境污染来源至关重要。然而，微塑料多样性特征与污染源之间的相关性仍未被充分阐明。本研究以中国云南省高原湖泊为研究对象，构建了一个微塑料综合多样性指数，以评估其作为湖泊周边污染源指示物的有效性。该综合多样性指数利用三种常用α多样性指数——Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数——的几何平均值与算术平均值计算得出。主要发现包括：（1）基于几何平均值的综合多样性指数放大了微塑料组成分布中优势性状的效应；（2）以圆的半径作为湖泊面积的近似值进行统计分析，揭示了污染源数量与综合多样性指数之间的非线性关系；（3）Simpson α多样性指数作为微塑料多样性的反映指标优于其他指数，由其导出的基于几何平均值的综合多样性指数显示出稳健的适用性。本研究有助于追踪湖泊周围微塑料污染源，并深化对微塑料多样性意义的认识。

（来源：Journal of Hydrology 2026  DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.134917）