作者：Du, J., Ding, Y., Jia, C., Feng, K., Wei, M. & Yang, X.

Wetland ecosystems are increasingly threatened by groundwater contamination, ecological degradation, and hydrological imbalance. This study develops an integrated three-dimensional modeling framework coupling surface water, groundwater, and ecological systems to support dynamic water resource assessment and restoration planning in the Judian Lake wetland of northern China. The SWAT-MODFLOW model was employed to simulate coupled hydrodynamics, and MT3DMS was used to model the spatiotemporal transport of NO3- , NO2- , and Cl- from 2025 to 2040. We delineated restoration zones using Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC), which groups areas with similar hydro-ecological patterns through feature learning and iterative optimization. The results revealed a progressive expansion of the groundwater depression cone, with distinct contaminant migration patterns-nitrate accumulated in the funnel region, nitrite migrated southwestward, and chloride showed increasing vertical penetration. Numerical simulations identified 3.69 m as the minimum ecological water level required to achieve an equilibrium state between groundwater recharge and discharge (i.e., groundwater balance). Based on eco-hydrological sensitivity, the wetland was partitioned into core (source control), buffer (natural restoration), and control (intrusion management) zones. The feasibility of exploiting deep confined aquifers for emergency water replenishment was confirmed. Simulations showed that sustained withdrawal from 300 m wells caused only localized drawdown, avoiding large-scale hydraulic disturbance. This study provides a transferable methodology for adaptive groundwater management in fragile wetland systems facing complex contamination and water scarcity.

湿地生态系统正日益受到地下水污染、生态退化和水文失衡的威胁。本研究构建了一个耦合地表水、地下水和生态系统的集成三维建模框架，以支持中国北方巨淀湖湿地的动态水资源评估与修复规划。采用 SWAT-MODFLOW 模型模拟耦合水动力过程，并利用 MT3DMS 模拟了 2025 年至 2040 年间硝酸根（NO₃⁻）、亚硝酸根（NO₂⁻）和氯离子（Cl⁻）的时空迁移。我们通过深度嵌入聚类（DEC）划分修复分区，该方法通过特征学习和迭代优化将具有相似水生态格局的区域进行归类。结果表明，地下水降落漏斗呈逐步扩展趋势，并呈现差异化的污染物迁移模式——硝酸盐在漏斗区积累，亚硝酸盐向西南方向迁移，而氯化物则表现出增强的垂向渗透。数值模拟确定 3.69 米为达到地下水补排平衡（即地下水均衡）所需的最低生态水位。基于生态水文敏感性，将湿地划分为核心区（源头控制）、缓冲区（自然恢复）和调控区（入侵管理）。利用深层承压含水层进行应急补水的可行性得到确认。模拟显示，从 300 米深井持续抽水仅引起局部水位下降，避免了大范围的水力扰动。本研究为面临复杂污染和水资源短缺的脆弱湿地系统提供了一套可推广的自适应地下水管理方法。

（来源：Journal of Hydrology 2026  DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135000）