作者：W. Wang, K. Shi, X. Wang, Y. Zhang, B. Qin, Y. Zhang, et al.

In China, extreme heat has had a significant impact on lake warming. Research has shown that from 1985 to 2022, China experienced about 454 days of extreme heat on average. The number of extreme heat days is on the rise, increasing by about 2.08 days per decade, and the intensity is also gradually increasing, by about 0.03℃/day per decade. After removing extreme heat, the average temperature change in China decreased from 0.32±0.10℃/decade to 0.17±0.08℃/decade. In 2024, the release of The China Climate Change Blue Paper (2024) indicated that extreme high temperature events will show an increasing trend. Under the background of global warming, extreme heat events in China have led to a significant increase in lake surface water temperature. For example, in 2022, a rare extreme high temperature event caused the average surface water temperature of Chinese lakes to increase by 1.63℃, far exceeding the warming amplitude in the past 20 years. The Huaihe River Basin and the lakes in the southwest river basins were most obviously affected, rising by 2.01℃ and 1.81℃ respectively. Moreover, this event triggered a severe drought in the Yangtze River Basin, resulting in a 55.07% drop in the water level and a 73.32% reduction in the area of Poyang Lake, leading to the mass death of fish and other aquatic organisms and the loss of habitats for birds. In 2024, the continuous rise in temperature also led to a reduction in the water volume and an increase in evaporation of Erhai Lake. In the first half of 2024, due to the continuous increase in temperature, the water volume of Erhai Lake decreased and the evaporation was relatively large. Overall, extreme heat has had a profound and far-reaching impact on lake warming in China.

（来源：Nature Communications 2024 Vol. 15 Issue 1 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44936-6）